Doraemon (ドラえもん Doraemon) (also known in some overseas markets as Doraemon:
Gadget Cat from the Future) is a Japanese manga series created by Fujiko F. Fujio
which later became an anime series and an Asian franchise.
The series is about an earless robotic cat named
Doraemon, who travels back in time from the 22nd century to aid a schoolboy, Nobita Nobi (野比 のび太 Nobi
Nobita).
The series first appeared in
December 1969, when it was published simultaneously in six different magazines.
In total, 1,344 stories were created in the original series, which are
published by Shogakukan under the Tentōmushi (てんとう虫) manga
brand, extending to forty-five volumes. The volumes are collected in the
Takaoka Central Library in Toyama, Japan, where Fujiko Fujio were born. Viz Media
bought the license to the Doraemon manga in the 1990s for an English-language
release, but canceled it without explanation before any volumes were published.
However, Doraemon: Nobita's Dinosaur 2006
(The 26th film in the franchise) got a private screening in Washington, D.C. in November 2008.
A majority of Doraemon episodes are
comedies with lessons regarding values such as integrity, perseverance,
courage, family and respect for elders. Several noteworthy environmental issues
are often visited, including homeless animals, global warming,
endangered species, deforestation, and pollution. Miscellaneous educational topics such as dinosaurs,
the flat Earth theory, wormhole traveling, Gulliver's Travels, and the history of Japan are often covered.
Doraemon was awarded the Japan Cartoonists Association Award for excellence in 1973. Doraemon was awarded the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's
manga in 1982, and the first Osamu
Tezuka Culture Award in 1997. In March 2008, Japan's Foreign Ministry
appointed Doraemon as the nation's first "anime ambassador." Ministry
spokesman explained the novel decision as an attempt to help people in other
countries to understand Japanese anime better and to deepen their interest in Japanese culture." The Foreign Ministry action confirms that Doraemon
has come to be considered a Japanese cultural icon. In 2002, the anime
character was acclaimed as an Asian Hero in a special feature survey conducted
by Time Asia
magazine.
Name
The name "Doraemon"
translates roughly to "stray". Unusually, the name
"Doraemon" (ドラえもん) is
written in a mixture of two Japanese scripts: Katakana
(ドラ)
and Hiragana
(えもん).
"Dora" is from "dora neko" (brazen or stray cat, どら猫), and is a corruption of nora
(stray). "Emon" is a component of male given names, such as Goemon,
though no longer as popular as in the past. "Dora" is not from dora
meaning gong, but due to the homophony, the series puns on this, with Doraemon
loving dorayaki.
Plot
Main article: List
of Doraemon characters
The first appearance of Doraemon, who came via the time machine.
Doraemon is sent back in time by a
young boy named Sewashi Nobi to improve the circumstances of his great
grandfather, Nobita so that his descendants may enjoy a better future. In the
original time-line, Nobita experienced nothing but misery and misfortune
manifested in the form of poor marks and grades, physical disasters, and
bullying throughout his life. This culminates in the burning down of a future
business he set up which leaves his family line beset with financial problems.
In order to alter history and better the Nobi family's fortunes, Sewashi sent
him a robot called Doraemon.
Doraemon has a pocket from which he
produces many gadgets, medicines, and tools from the future. The pocket is
called yōjigen-pocket (lit. fourth-dimensional pocket). Some of the gadgets
(dōgu) are based on real Japanese household devices with fanciful twists, but
most are completely science fiction
(although some may be based on folklore or religious stories). Thousands of
dōgu have been featured in Doraemon. The number of dōgu has been
approximated at 4,500. It is this constant variety which makes Doraemon
popular even among adult readers/viewers. In the series, the availability of
dōgu depends sometimes on the money Doraemon has available, and he often says
some dōgu are expensive in the future. The more famous ones include the "bamboo-copter"
(very similar to the ones that appears on the older series of Beany and Cecil),
a small head accessory that allows flight; the "Anywhere Door", a
door that opens up to any place the user wishes; and the "Time
Machine". Some of the recurring dōgu appear also in Fujiko F. Fujio's
other works such as 21-emon, Kaibutsu-kun, Kiteretsu Daihyakka, Mikio to Mikio or Pāman.
Although he can hear perfectly well,
Doraemon has no ears: his robotic ears were eaten by a mouse, giving him a
series-long phobia of the creatures.
The only main female character is
Shizuka Minamoto (源 静香 Minamoto
Shizuk), who serves as a romantic interest for Nobita.She
is intelligent and is Nobita's good friend.Nobita's main human friends and/or
rivals include Takeshi (nicknamed 'Gian', from the English word giant),
a consummate bully, and Suneo, a cunning, gloating, spoiled wealthy brat. There
are many recurring supporting characters, such as Dekisugi, Nobita's parents,
Gian's mother, his school teacher, his descendants from the future, and
Doraemon's little sister, Dorami.
The stories are formulaic, usually
focused on the everyday struggles of fifth grader Nobita, the protagonist of
the story. In a typical chapter, Nobita comes home crying about a problem he
faces in school and/or the local neighborhood. After hearing him out, Doraemon
often offers helpful advice to his problem(s), but that's never enough for
Nobita, who is consistently looking for the "quick, easy" way out
(which offers insight to the viewers as to why Nobita's life turned out the way
it did). Finally, after Nobita's pleading and/or goading, Doraemon produces a
futuristic gadget out of his aforementioned pouch to help Nobita fix his
problem, enact revenge, or flaunt to his friends.
Unfortunately when in possession of
the gadget, Nobita usually gets into deeper trouble than before, despite Doraemon's
best intentions and warnings. Sometimes, Nobita's friends (usually Suneo or
Gian) steal Doraemon's gadgets and end up misusing them. However, by the end of
the story, there is usually retribution to the characters who end up misusing
them, and a moral is taught.
Manga
In December 1969, the Doraemon
manga appeared simultaneously in six different children's monthly magazines.
The magazines were titled by the year of children's studies, which included Yoiko
(good children), Yōchien (nursery school), and Shogaku Ichinensei
(first grade of primary school) to Shogaku Yonnensei (fourth grade of
primary school). By 1973, the series began to appear in two more magazines, Shogaku
Gonensei (fifth grade of primary school) and Shogaku Rokunensei
(sixth grade of primary school). The stories featured in each of the magazines
were different, meaning the author was originally creating more than six
stories each month. In 1977, CoroCoro Comic was launched as a magazine of Doraemon. Original
manga based on the Doraemon movies were also released in CoroCoro
Comic. The stories which are preserved under the Tentōmushi brand are the
stories found in these magazines.
Since the debut of Doraemon
in 1969, the stories have been selectively collected into forty-five books
published from 1974 to 1996, which had a circulation of over 80 million in
1992. In addition, Doraemon has appeared in a variety of manga series by
Shōgakukan. In 2005, Shōgakukan published a series of five more manga volumes
under the title Doraemon+ (Doraemon Plus), which were not found in the
forty-five Tentōmushi pipi volumes. Many other series have since been produced,
some not from official supplies.
Doraemon was discontinued in two
media because readers were advancing in grades and an ending was believed to be
needed. These two are not reprinted.
- In the March 1971 issue of the magazine Shogaku 4-nensei: Because visitors from the future were causing too much trouble, the government in the 22nd Century passed a bill to ban time-travelling altogether, meaning Doraemon would have to return to his time era. He leaves Nobita.
- In the March 1972 issue of the magazine Shogaku 4-nensei: Doraemon, for some reason, had to go back to the future but fakes a mechanical problem so that Nobita would let him go. Nobita believes him and promises to wait until Doraemon gets well. Realizing that Nobita can handle his departure, Doraemon tells the truth and Nobita accepts. Doraemon returns to the future.
The third ending was actually meant
to be the official ending due to low TV ratings and the Fujiko Fujio
duo being busy with other works, but Doraemon did not leave their minds and
restarted in the next month's issue. In 1981, this episode was made into anime
(called "Doraemon Comes Back"), and in 1998, this was released as an
anime movie.
- In the March 1973 issue of the magazine Shogaku 4-nensei, Nobita again returns home after losing a fight against Gian. Doraemon then explains that he has to return. Nobita tries to have Doraemon stay but after talking it over with his parents, he accepts Doraemon's departure. They take a last walk in the park. After they split up, Nobita encounters Gian and gets into a fight again. After a long duel with Nobita trying to win at all costs so that Doraemon can leave without worries, Gian gave up (which gave Nobita the win) because no matter what, Nobita refuses to stay down. Doraemon finds Nobita passed out with a bloody mouth and takes him home. Sitting beside the sleeping Nobita, Doraemon returns to the future. This story was reprinted in the last chapter of the manga Book 6.
When the Fujiko Fujio
duo broke up in 1987, the very idea of an official ending to the series was never
discussed. Since Fujiko F. died in 1996 before any decisions were reached, any
"endings" of Doraemon are fan fiction.
However, it is apparent from many episodes and movies where Nobita travels to
the future that in the end he does marry Shizuka, leads a happy life and
separates with Doraemon, although Nobita and his friends fondly remember him.
One of the most prolific fanfiction
endings was by Nobuo Sato. In this ending, Doraemon's battery power ran out,
and Nobita was given a choice between replacing the battery inside a frozen
Doraemon, which would cause it to reset and lose all memory, or await a
competent robotics technician who would be able to resurrect the cat-robot one day.
Nobita swore that every day to work hard in school, graduate with honors, and
become that robotics technician. In the future, it was revealed that Japan has
become a Republic, and Hidetoshi Dekisugi is the President. He successfully
resurrected Doraemon in the future as a robotics professor, became successful
as an AI developer, and thus lived happily ever after, thus
relieving his progeny of the financial burdens that caused Doraemon to be sent
to his space-time in the first place. A dōjinshi
for this ending was made by a "Tajima T Yasue" in 2005, and it sold
13,000 copies before Shogakukan halted its publication. Tajima apologized to
Shogakukan in 2007 and paid an undisclosed amount of money for settlement.
Anime
Television
series
After a brief and unpopular animated
series in 1973 by Nippon Television, Doraemon remained fairly exclusive in manga form
until 1979 when a newly formed animation studio, Shin-Ei Animation (Now owned by TV Asahi)
produced an anime series of Doraemon. This series became incredibly
popular, and ended with 1,787 episodes on March 25, 2005.
Celebrating Doraemon's
anniversary, a new Doraemon series began airing on TV Asahi on April 15,
2005 with new voice actors and staff, and updated character designs.
Video
Games
There are a total of 61
Japanese-only video games ranging from platformer games to RPG games, that
began with the Emerson's Arcadia 2001
system. For a complete list of these games see List of Doraemon media. Doraemon can also be seen in Namco's popular Taiko no Tatsujin rhythm game series like Taiko no Tatsujin (11 - 14 only), Metcha! Taiko no Tatsujin DS: Nanatsu no Shima no
Daibouken, Taiko no Tatsujin Wii, Taiko no Tatsujin Plus, and Taiko no Tatsujin DS: Dororon! Yokai Daikessen!!. The Chinese version of Microsoft's 3D Movie Maker
contained a Doraemon-themed expansion pack.
Feature
films
In 1980, Toho released the first of a series of
annual feature length animated films
based on the lengthly special volumes published annually. Unlike the anime and
manga (some based on the stories in select volumes), they are more
action-adventure oriented and have more of a shōnen
demographic, taking the familiar characters of Doraemon and placing them
in a variety of exotic and perilous settings. Nobita and his friends have
visited the age of the dinosaurs, the far reaches of the galaxy, the heart of darkest Africa (where
they encountered a race of sentient bipedal dogs), the depths of the ocean, and
a world of magic. Some of the films are based on legends such as Atlantis,
and on literary works such as Journey to the West and Arabian Nights. Some films also have serious themes, especially on
environmental topics and the use of technology. Overall, the films have a
somewhat darker tone in their stories, unlike the manga and anime.
The most recent Doraemon
film, Doraemon: Nobita and the Island of Miracles
~Animal Adventure~, was
released on March 3, 2012.
Musicals
Doraemon the Musical: Nobita and the
Animal Planet (舞台版ドラえもん のび太とアニマル惑星(プラネット)｣。 Butaiban Doraemon: Nobita to Animaru Puranetto) was a 2008 musical
based on the 1990 anime film of the same name.
The musical debuted at Tokyo
Metropolitan Art Space on
September 4, 2008 running through September 14.[8]
Wasabi Mizuta voiced Doraemon.
Reception
On 22 April 2002, on the special
issue of Asian Hero in TIME Magazine, Doraemon was selected as
one of the 22 Asian Heroes. Being the only cartoon character selected, Doraemon
was described as "The Cuddliest Hero in Asia". In 2005, the Taiwan Society of New York selected Doraemon as a culturally significant work
of Japanese otaku
pop-culture in its exhibit Little Boy: The Arts of Japan's Exploding
Subculture, curated by renowned artist Takashi Murakami.
In 2008, the Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs appointed Doraemon as the first anime cultural
ambassador." Doraemon is a term of common knowledge in Japan. Newspapers
also regularly make references to Doraemon and his pocket as a something with
the ability to satisfy all wishes. Other characters in the series are also
referenced frequently on TV shows with similar looking casts. Some magazines
have used the analogy that America is the Takeshi of the world and Japan is his
sidekick Suneo.[citation needed] Doraemon was awarded the first Shogakukan Manga Award for children's manga in 1982, and the first Osamu
Tezuka Culture Award in 1997. Doraemon is a cultural
phenomenon in Japan and can be seen in many places. For example, Doraemon is
used as a promotional character by Art Hikkoshi Center (アート引越センター Āto hikkoshi sentā), by a moving company, and by Cocos, a restaurant
chain. Doraemon also appears in appeals for charity, the "Doraemon
Fund". Doraemon toys and novelties are also often found in Japan, with
literally thousands of items for sale.[citation needed]
Doraemon, Nobita, and the other characters also appear in various educational
manga. Doraemon is also mentioned in several anime and manga by other manga artists.[citation needed]
Doraemon is referenced in the current Blue Man Group show running in Tokyo. The
Blue Men play a short snippet of the show's theme song, and one dons Doraemon's
beanie.[citation needed] The Japanese-American guitar company, ESP Guitars,
makes a Doraemon shaped guitar. Mamotte! Lollipop referenced Doreamon in a chapter about a bath house. The
music video for the single "From a Distance" off of the Bicycles
& Tricycles album by ambient house act, The Orb
revolves around Doraemon.[citation needed]
resource : wikipedia indonesia
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